Breaks the availability of essential services.

Breaks the availability of essential services.

• A. Port scanners
• B. Traceroute
• C. Cheops
• D. Packet flooding

Answer: (D)

This question tests understanding of attacks that disrupt service availability. A packet flooding attack aims to exhaust the target’s resources—bandwidth, processing power, memory, or connection queues—by sending a large volume of packets. When those resources are overwhelmed, legitimate users can’t reach the service or experience severe delays, which is the essence of breaking availability. Other options don’t fit this goal. Port scanners are used to discover open ports and services, not to disrupt them. Traceroute analyzes the path to a host, mapping routes rather than consuming resources. Cheops is a network discovery/topology tool, used for information gathering rather than attacking availability.

This question tests understanding of attacks that disrupt service availability. A packet flooding attack aims to exhaust the target’s resources—bandwidth, processing power, memory, or connection queues—by sending a large volume of packets. When those resources are overwhelmed, legitimate users can’t reach the service or experience severe delays, which is the essence of breaking availability.

Other options don’t fit this goal. Port scanners are used to discover open ports and services, not to disrupt them. Traceroute analyzes the path to a host, mapping routes rather than consuming resources. Cheops is a network discovery/topology tool, used for information gathering rather than attacking availability.